Modern C++ (C++11 onwards) introduces features like smart pointers, move semantics, lambda expressions, and constexpr for improved safety, readability, and performance. Newer additions like Concepts, Ranges, and std::format in C++20 further enhance template programming, data manipulation, and string formatting, making C++ development more efficient and user-friendly.

Modern C++ features like compile-time computations and conditional logic can achieve zero-overhead abstractions in embedded systems. While basic class encapsulation and inheritance introduce no extra cost, dynamic polymorphism (especially with RTTI) adds significant overhead. Leveraging consteval and if constexpr can even reduce binary size and improve performance.

This document introduces several C++ design patterns and idioms. RAII manages resource lifetimes via object scope. CRTP enables static polymorphism, reducing runtime overhead. The Singleton pattern ensures a single instance with global access. Chaining calls enhance code readability and expressiveness for sequential operations.